Aeroplane.



TON. a citizen of the United Stairs, and 'resident of lllilmmgton, in the rounty oi plane, Fig. `shown 1n Fig.

miren elirnnfr oFFICE.

SAMUEL l. YARRINGTON, OF WXLMXNGTON, DELAWARE.

Application filed November e. 1911. Serial No. 658,495.

To allwhom it 4may confem:

Be it known that, l. Fla milan S. YAmuNu- Newcastle and State of Deia faro, have Iliade certain new and useful mproremt in Aeroplanes, oil which the following` specification.

' My invention relates to improvements in. aeroplanof and it consists in the combinations, constructions and arrangements hereu in` described and claimed.

All object ot my invention is to provide a pair or' operating levers, each pair oi said levers having double functions, thereby reducing the necessary number of operating levers.

A further object oi my invention is to provide hydroplanes with means connected vwith one of the levers for lowering or rais ing the same.

A further object of my invention is to provide a novel form of elevating plane and 0f means for n'ianipulating the same.

A. further object of my invention to rovide a novel form of rudder and means or support-ing the same and for operatv ing it..

A further object of my invention is to rovide novel forms of ailerons and means 'or operating them.

Other objects and advantages Will appear in the tollowing r spefitiration, and the nor-el features of the device will be partirularly pointed out in the appended claims.

My invention illustrated in the amour panying drawings forming part oi this aitplication in which similar reference Char actors indicate like parts in the several views, and in which Figure l is a side elevation showingl one embodimentwof my aeroplane]*Fim 2 is 'rear View of the aeroplane. Figi. 3 is a plan View, Fin. l is a persiieetive View of the elevating plane and the ailerons, and the ilexible means for operating them, Fig. 5 is a detail View showing one of the levers and the means for raising` or lowering the hydro- 5 is a rear View of the lever l liig. tt a Section alongr the line 6-6 ot' Fig. 2l, and Fig. I is a section along the line .7-*7 of Fig. 3.

l'eferring non' particularly tio Fig. l, l. have Shown therein a sled-shaped frame composed or' the bottom members '1, the top member 2, and the parallel brace members 3 with the strengthening' guy `Wires el. TWO of these trames are `provided and they are joined by the Pross members 5, such asthose shown in F Q and 3. The operators seat t5 is disposed on one of these crossy members On one side thereof is a lever 7, and on the other a lever 8, these levers being the means for eontrolliti the various planes and for raising and lowering the hydroplanes. The latter are shown at 9 and 10` respectively. 'lf he normal 11iositions of these bydroplanes that shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

in these figures the hydroplane l) is showny as being pivotally attaehecl to one of the cross members 5 at its rear end by means of bars or links 9?-, While it is attaehed in a similar manner to a Cross bar 5 (see Figs. 'l and by means of the arms or links 9b. The bottom oi' the liydi'oplane 9 therefore sligl'it-ly above the runner or bottom men ber 1 ol the main iframe. The means by which the hydroplanes are raised or lowered is best shown in Fig. 5. In this figure it wil be seen thaty the lever 7 has pivotally secured to it. a laterally extendnff arm 1l provided with a handle 12 and thaving a locking device 18 arranged to en crage a locking` segment; 1li. 'the locking device 13 being manipulated hy a finger-pull 15 near the handle 1Q. flexible cord 16 extends from the upper sidi` of the lever 11 over a. pulley 1T on the lover T. thence downwardly around a pulley t8 on the trame member 19, 'thence rearn'artlly. boing attached tov the hydrof plane 9 at i A tlexible member 21 is secured to the maler side of the lever 11, passes forwardly ove' a pulley on the same shaft with the pulley i8, thence rearwardly around a. pullev 22 secured to the bottoni of the frame all member 19. tlienve forwardly, being secured'` Vto the hydroplane at the point 20. If new,

the lever 11 moved up 'ardly on its pivand per-` longitudinal frame men'ibers 23 and 23" shown 1n dotted hues in Fig. 3, with the cross braces 23. The fabric which forms the body ortion of the elevating plane .is continue around the tubing (see Fig. 7)

-which forms the support .edge of the lane.

tor the torwarijl The ilario also sur- .ont and rear .longituouuil rounds the 'frame members 23a and 23", as shown in Fig. 7 It will be apparent therefore 'that the fabric itself is the means by which the elevating p'lane is hinged to the supporting member 24. The tube 24, as shown in Fig.

. 1, is not supported directly by the upper frame members .2, but is raised therefrom by means of the supports 25 and 26. In order .around a pulley to strengthen the elevating plane 23 *and to rovide for its proper manipulatie t, I ma e use of a. central rearwardly extending brace member 27 which connects with two downwardly and rearwardly extending members 28 and 29 respectively (see Figs. l and 4). Where the braces 28 and 29 join the rear edge of the main elevating plane are two downwardly extending members 3()l and 31 respectively, the former bcing hingedly connected with the tube 24 by nieansot' the inclinedbrace member 32, and the member 31 being similarly connected by the brace member 33. As additionahbraces for the front end of the aeroplane l 'provide the inclined truss members and The means by which the elevating plane 23is manipulated is best shown in Fig. 5. The lever 7 is pivotally mounted on the shaft 36. A flexible cord 37 is secured to the leverat 38 and passes forwardly underneath a pulley I39 on the 'trame member 19 under a pulley 40 on the bottoni member 1, and is attached at il to the brace member 30. A liexiblc meunier ...trends rearwardly from the lever 7 armmd n, pulley 43 on the upper part ot the member i9, thence downwardly and f .ly undcru'eatii pulley 44 on the me i'ipwardly zu downwardly l" ,g at the point 4l. .vill when the lever '7 is pushed flexible noe-inter -will be slu tension will be put on the 42 thereby raising 'the elevation reverse action of the lover, ot f.' cause the lowering of the eleva At 46 and 47, T. have shown i by means of which the machi; may bc righted if it should tip in a sid: se direction. These ailerons are constructed somewhat similar to the elevating plane 23, but they are provided with longitudinal side strips like that shown at 46a and #tti-h having an eye arranged' to receive the tube 24, the resilient fabric 46 covering" both tube and plane. e ailerons 'wevolu 'the frame portion of the aileron, as shown in Fig. t3. The ailerons each have vertically extendino' braces, such as those shown at 46 above the plane and 46)' below the plane, to which guy wires such as those shown at 4G* are secured. This forms an exceedingly strong construction. 'lhe ailerons are manipulated in the tolltnving manner: The lover 8 has attached to it two cords, one a cord (i8 which passes around the pulleys 68, G8, d8 and 68, and is attached to the lower part ot the-plano 4G. The other cord 69 around the pulleys Gil, 69"', 69 and and is attached to the lower part of the plano 47. A flexible cord 7d is attached at. one cud to the upper part ot the plane 46 and passes over the pulleys 70 and 70, and is attached to the upper part of thc plane 47. The construction just described is best shown in Fig. 4. ln order to stabilize the planes 46 and 47, I provide strips 71, which may he secured. to the frame in any convenient manner that are similar to the strips 72, which. bear the pulleys 623i and 70, G9d and 70, these strips 7l being provided with the pl'llleys 7l, 7l, 7lL and 71": A cord 71* is attached to the bottom of the plane 47 and passes around the pulleys 7l, 71', 71, 7lz and 71a, and attached to the under side of the plane 4G, A second cord 71Y is attached to the top of the ilauc 4G and passes around the 'pulleys 7l, l? and is attached to the tol) et the plane 47. From this eonstruction, it will be seen that when the lever 8 is moved .in the direction4 indicated by the arrow in Fig. 4, the plane 47 will be lowered and the plane 46 will be raised.

The purpose of the cord 71y is to causeV the outer edges of the planes 46 and 47 to move simultaneously and to the same extent that the inner edges are moved by the cord 70. lt will be apparent that when the cord 7U is manipulated,v the outer edges of the planes 46 and 47 must more sin'ulltaneously and to the same extent in opposite directions, since they are connected together by the 'i 'd 711".

Si lill, l have shown the two tud dors by nuans of which the device steered to the right` or left. I These roddcrs-xV are mounted on central arles 50X and 5l (see Fig. 3), the upper part ol tl e axes being carried by the cross members ,32 ot the main supporting plane 5Fl, tl lower part turning attached to the rudder 51.. A cord 86 passes around `a pulley 87, thence rearwardly around a pulley 88, thence around a pulley 89 (see Fig. 3) and is fastened to the rudder 50. The two rudders 50 and 51 are con nected together by a common cord 90. lt will be apparent that by raising` the horizontal lever 80, the end to which the cords 'of the rudders are attached will have a movement in the direct-ion indicated by the Varrows in F16 S, while by moving' the lever downwardly. he rudders will hemoved in theopposite' direction.

The engine 56 is disposed beneath the main sustaining plane 53, and in such a po'- sition as to balance the machine. The propeller .shaft 57 extends rea. ivardly and the propeller 58 is immediately in the rear ot device. These levers are directly betore the operator, and are therefore instantly accessible.

I am aware that Iother devices based upon the same general plan might be made, hut l consider as my own all such modifications as fairly fall within the spirit and scope ot -jthe invention.

vI claim y V 1. In an 'aeroplane, a main sustaining plane, an elevating plane, a-pair of rudders,

a pair of ailerons, a pair ot hydroplanes, a pair of main levers, each lever having an auxiliary lever pivotally secured thereto,

lmeans connected -With one of said main le.-

vers for operating the elevating plane, means connected with one ot' said auxiliary' levers for raising and lowering said hydropla-nes, means connected with the other et said. main levers for koperating the ailerons, and means connected with the other auxili- 'ary lever for operating the rudders.

2. In an aeroplane, a main sustaining plane, an elevating plane, a pair of rudders,

'a'par of ailerons, a pair of hydroplanes, a

'pair of main levers, each lever having an auxiliary lever 'pivotallyll'secured thereto, means connected` with one 01"? saidynain levers for operating the elevating plane, means connected with one of said a Xiliary levers tot' raising and lowering .said Ahydroplanes and for locking the-hydroplanes in their shifted position, means connected with the other of said main levers for operating the ailerons, and means connected with the other auxiliary lever for operating the rudders.

3. In an aeroplane, a main sustaining plane, an elevating plane, a pair ofrudders, a pair ot ailerons a pair of -hydroplanes, a pair ot main levers, each lever having an auxiliarv lever pivotally secured thereto, means connected with one of said main levers for operating the elevating plane, means connected with one of said auxiliary levers tor raising and lowering said hydroplanes and .for locking the hydroplanes in their shifted position, nieans the other oi said main levers for operating the ailerons simultaneously in opposite directions and to the saine extent, and means connected with the other auxiliary lever for operating the .udders.

e. ln an aeroplane, a main sustaining plane, an elevating plane, a pair of rudders, a pair of ailerons, a pair of hydroplanes, a pair o'l main levers, each lever having an auxiliary lever pivotally secured thereto, means connected with one of said main levers for operating the elevating plane, means connected with one of said auxiliary levers for raising and lowering said hydro- 'plan'es and for locking the liydroplanes in their shifted position, means connected with the other ot said main levers for operating the ailerons simultaneously in opposite directions and to the same extent, and means coulait-ted with the other auxiliary lever for operating the rudders simultaneously in the same direction to the same extent.

ln an aeroplane, a traine, an elevating plane pivotally secured to said frame, an aileron pivotally secured to said trame at cach end oli said elevating plane, saitli ailerons extending rearwardly past said elc rating plane, and means for simultaneously meningv the rear ends ot the ailerons in opposite directions and to the same extent.

WM. C. Gownn,

HENRY P. JosLYN.

connected with 

